Essentially home loans are offered in four major types. The most popular, especially among home owners is a fixed rate home loan. A fixed rate loan, like it sounds, retains the same interest over the term of the loan. Fixed rate loans usually last between 15-30 years, are low risk, protected under inflation, and easier to budget.

Another type of home loan is an adjustable rate home loan. Unlike fixed rate home loans, adjustable rate home loans are not stable because the interest rate changes over the life of the loan. The home loan?s interest rate ?adjusts? after an initial period, which can last for a few months or a few years. If interest rates are higher at the end of the initial period, then the mortgage payment adjusts higher. If interest rates are lower, then the payments decrease.

A third type of home loan is the balloon home loan. In a balloon home loan, the monthly payments are based on a 30 year amortization schedule, but the entire home loan balance is due at the end of the loan?s term, which is either five years or seven years. If you cannot pay the entire home loan balance at the end of the term, then you can elect to reset the home loan at the current interest rate.

Reverse mortgage loans are ideal for older homeowners, as the owner receives money instead of making a monthly payment. The reverse mortgage does not need to be repaid until the home is sold, the owner dies, or the owner no longer uses the home as his or her primary residence. To apply for a reverse mortgage, you must be over 62 years of age and define the home as your primary residence.

Down payments are required when taking out a loan. Depending on the type of loan, the down payment can range from 3-20% of the home?s total value. The buyer?s credit history, income, and the value of the home are calculated into the down payment.

The buyer also must pay closing costs on their home loan. The closing cost usually ranges from 3-7% of the home?s total cost, including points, taxes, title insurance, financing, and other settlement costs.

Tom Martens is the content coordinator for South Arica’s leading Homeloans portal.